Element: Carbon
General data
| Element name | Carbon |
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| Chemical symbol | C |
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| Atomic number Z | 6 |
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| Year discovered | known since antiquity |
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| Standard state (25°C) | Solid |
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| Category | Nonmetal |
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| Block | p |
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| Atomic mass | 12.011 |
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| CPK color | #909090 |
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Physical properties
| Melting point | 3823 K (3550 °C) |
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| Boiling point | 4098 K (3825 °C) |
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| Density | 2.267 g/cm³ |
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Energy properties
| First ionization energy | 11.26 eV |
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| Electron affinity | 1.263 eV |
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Atomic structure
| Protons | 6 (Atomic number) |
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| Neutrons (C-12, most abundant isotope) | 6 |
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| Electrons | 6 |
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| Electron configuration | [He] 2s² 2p² |
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| Oxidation states | +4, +2, -4 |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.55 |
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| Atomic radius (van der Waals) | 170 pm |
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Ionization energies - NIST ASD (6 states)
Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.
