Element: Dysprosium
General data
| Element name | Dysprosium |
|---|---|
| Chemical symbol | Dy |
| Atomic number Z | 66 |
| Year discovered | 1886 |
| Standard state (25°C) | Solid |
| Category | Lanthanide |
| Block | f |
| Atomic mass | 162.50 |
| CPK color | #1FFFC7 |
Physical properties
| Melting point | 1685 K (1412 °C) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 2840 K (2567 °C) |
| Density | 8.55 g/cm³ |
Energy properties
| First ionization energy | 5.939 eV |
|---|---|
| Electron affinity | no data |
Atomic structure
| Protons | 66 (Atomic number) |
|---|---|
| Neutrons (Dy-164, most abundant isotope) | 98 |
| Electrons | 66 |
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 6s² 4f¹⁰ |
| Oxidation states | +3 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.22 |
| Atomic radius (van der Waals) | 229 pm |
Ionization energies - NIST ASD (66 states)
| State | Charge | Ioniz. energy (eV) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dy I | 0+ | 5.939061 ± 0.000006 | measured |
| Dy II | 1+ | 11.647 ± 0.02 | semi-empirical |
| Dy III | 2+ | 22.89 ± 0.03 | semi-empirical |
| Dy IV | 3+ | 41.23 ± 0.08 | semi-empirical |
| Dy V | 4+ | 62.1 ± 0.3 | semi-empirical |
| Dy VI | 5+ | 93 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy VII | 6+ | 110 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy VIII | 7+ | 127 ± 6 | calculated |
| Dy IX | 8+ | 152 ± 8 | calculated |
| Dy X | 9+ | 170 ± 9 | calculated |
| Dy XI | 10+ | 192 ± 10 | calculated |
| Dy XII | 11+ | 224 ± 11 | calculated |
| Dy XIII | 12+ | 259 ± 12 | calculated |
| Dy XIV | 13+ | 279 ± 14 | calculated |
| Dy XV | 14+ | 300 ± 15 | calculated |
| Dy XVI | 15+ | 332 ± 16 | calculated |
| Dy XVII | 16+ | 366 ± 19 | calculated |
| Dy XVIII | 17+ | 399 ± 20 | calculated |
| Dy XIX | 18+ | 431 ± 21 | calculated |
| Dy XX | 19+ | 464.9 ± 2.5 | calculated |
| Dy XXI | 20+ | 664 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXII | 21+ | 702 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXIII | 22+ | 743 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXIV | 23+ | 786 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXV | 24+ | 827 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXVI | 25+ | 872 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXVII | 26+ | 924 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXVIII | 27+ | 969 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXIX | 28+ | 1014 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXX | 29+ | 1059 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXXI | 30+ | 1232 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXXII | 31+ | 1275 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXXIII | 32+ | 1325 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XXXIV | 33+ | 1371 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy XXXV | 34+ | 1468 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy XXXVI | 35+ | 1520 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy XXXVII | 36+ | 1638 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy XXXVIII | 37+ | 1691.7 ± 0.3 | semi-empirical |
| Dy XXXIX | 38+ | 2882 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XL | 39+ | 2987 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XLI | 40+ | 3098 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XLII | 41+ | 3217 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XLIII | 42+ | 3331 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XLIV | 43+ | 3445 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XLV | 44+ | 3607 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XLVI | 45+ | 3725 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XLVII | 46+ | 3852 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XLVIII | 47+ | 3970 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy XLIX | 48+ | 4303 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy L | 49+ | 4407 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy LI | 50+ | 4523 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy LII | 51+ | 4629 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy LIII | 52+ | 4945 ± 4 | calculated |
| Dy LIV | 53+ | 5066 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy LV | 54+ | 5296 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy LVI | 55+ | 5412 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy LVII | 56+ | 12081 ± 5 | calculated |
| Dy LVIII | 57+ | 12370 ± 6 | calculated |
| Dy LIX | 58+ | 12690 ± 6 | calculated |
| Dy LX | 59+ | 12986 ± 7 | calculated |
| Dy LXI | 60+ | 14144 ± 10 | calculated |
| Dy LXII | 61+ | 14495 ± 12 | calculated |
| Dy LXIII | 62+ | 14936 ± 15 | calculated |
| Dy LXIV | 63+ | 15228.06 ± 0.11 | calculated |
| Dy LXV | 64+ | 61736.62 ± 0.1 | calculated |
| Dy LXVI | 65+ | 63073.23 ± 0.1 | calculated |
Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.
Photos
Isotopes (38)
| A | N | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dy-139 | 73 | 0.6 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-140 | 74 | unknown | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-141 | 75 | 1.0 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-142 | 76 | 2.3 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-143 | 77 | 4.3 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-144 | 78 | 9.1 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-145 | 79 | 9.5 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-146 | 80 | 33.2 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-147 | 81 | 67 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-148 | 82 | 3.2 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-149 | 83 | 4.2 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-150 | 84 | 7.17 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-151 | 85 | 18.0 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-152 | 86 | 2.38 h | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-153 | 87 | 6.42 h | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-154 | 88 | 2.8×10⁶ a | α |
| Dy-155 | 89 | 9.92 h | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-156 | 90 | stable | - |
| Dy-157 | 91 | 8.14 h | EC/β⁺ |
| Dy-158 | 92 | stable | - |
| Dy-159 | 93 | 145.3 d | EC |
| Dy-160 | 94 | stable | - |
| Dy-161 | 95 | stable | - |
| Dy-162 | 96 | stable | - |
| Dy-163 | 97 | stable | - |
| Dy-164 | 98 | stable | - |
| Dy-165 | 99 | 2.331 h | β⁻ |
| Dy-166 | 100 | 81.63 h | β⁻ |
| Dy-167 | 101 | 6.20 min | β⁻ |
| Dy-168 | 102 | 8.7 min | β⁻ |
| Dy-169 | 103 | 39 s | β⁻ |
| Dy-170 | 104 | 55 s | β⁻ |
| Dy-171 | 105 | 4.1 s | β⁻ |
| Dy-172 | 106 | 3.52 s | β⁻ |
| Dy-173 | 107 | 1.43 s | β⁻ |
| Dy-174 | 108 | unknown | β⁻ |
| Dy-175 | 109 | unknown | β⁻ |
| Dy-176 | 110 | unknown | β⁻ |
Data sources
- PubChem Periodic Table API - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC0
- IUPAC CIAAW - Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024 - Table version: 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NNDC Wallet Cards 2023 - Data as of 15 October 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD) - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: © U.S. Secretary of Commerce
- Images of Elements - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC BY 3.0