Element: Manganese
General data
| Element name | Manganese |
|---|---|
| Chemical symbol | Mn |
| Atomic number Z | 25 |
| Year discovered | 1774 |
| Standard state (25°C) | Solid |
| Category | Transition metal |
| Block | d |
| Atomic mass | 54.938 |
| CPK color | #9C7AC7 |
Physical properties
| Melting point | 1519 K (1246 °C) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 2334 K (2061 °C) |
| Density | 7.3 g/cm³ |
Energy properties
| First ionization energy | 7.434 eV |
|---|---|
| Electron affinity | no data |
Atomic structure
| Protons | 25 (Atomic number) |
|---|---|
| Neutrons (Mn-55, most abundant isotope) | 30 |
| Electrons | 25 |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 4s² 3d⁵ |
| Oxidation states | +7, +4, +3, +2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.55 |
| Atomic radius (van der Waals) | 197 pm |
Ionization energies - NIST ASD (25 states)
| State | Charge | Ioniz. energy (eV) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mn I | 0+ | 7.434038 ± 0.0000012 | measured |
| Mn II | 1+ | 15.63999 ± 0.00007 | measured |
| Mn III | 2+ | 33.668 ± 0.012 | measured |
| Mn IV | 3+ | 51.21 ± 0.12 | semi-empirical |
| Mn V | 4+ | 72.41 ± 0.1 | semi-empirical |
| Mn VI | 5+ | 95.604 ± 0.025 | measured |
| Mn VII | 6+ | 119.203 ± 0.012 | measured |
| Mn VIII | 7+ | 195.5 ± 0.3 | semi-empirical |
| Mn IX | 8+ | 221.89 ± 0.17 | semi-empirical |
| Mn X | 9+ | 248.6 ± 0.3 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XI | 10+ | 286.1 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XII | 11+ | 314.4 ± 0.6 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XIII | 12+ | 343.6 ± 0.7 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XIV | 13+ | 402.95 ± 0.25 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XV | 14+ | 435.172 ± 0.007 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XVI | 15+ | 1133.7 ± 0.6 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XVII | 16+ | 1224.1 ± 1.5 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XVIII | 17+ | 1320.3 ± 2.5 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XIX | 18+ | 1430.9 ± 2.2 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XX | 19+ | 1537.2 ± 0.8 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XXI | 20+ | 1643.2 ± 0.7 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XXII | 21+ | 1788.7 ± 0.6 | semi-empirical |
| Mn XXIII | 22+ | 1879.873 ± 0.007 | calculated |
| Mn XXIV | 23+ | 8140.7864 ± 0.0014 | calculated |
| Mn XXV | 24+ | 8571.95438 ± 0.00022 | calculated |
Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.
Photos
Isotopes (29)
| A | N | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mn-44 | 19 | < 105 ns | p |
| Mn-46 | 21 | 36.2 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Mn-47 | 22 | 88.0 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Mn-48 | 23 | 157.7 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Mn-49 | 24 | 382 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Mn-50 | 25 | 283.19 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Mn-51 | 26 | 45.84 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Mn-52 | 27 | 5.591 d | EC/β⁺ |
| Mn-53 | 28 | 3.6×10⁶ a | EC |
| Mn-54 | 29 | 312.10 d | EC/β⁺ |
| Mn-55 | 30 | stable | - |
| Mn-56 | 31 | 2.5788 h | β⁻ |
| Mn-57 | 32 | 85.4 s | β⁻ |
| Mn-58 | 33 | 3.0 s | β⁻ |
| Mn-59 | 34 | 4.59 s | β⁻ |
| Mn-60 | 35 | 0.28 s | β⁻ |
| Mn-61 | 36 | 0.709 s | β⁻ |
| Mn-62 | 37 | 92 ms | β⁻ |
| Mn-63 | 38 | 277 ms | β⁻ |
| Mn-64 | 39 | 90 ms | β⁻ |
| Mn-65 | 40 | 91.7 ms | β⁻ |
| Mn-66 | 41 | 63.9 ms | β⁻ |
| Mn-67 | 42 | 47 ms | β⁻ |
| Mn-68 | 43 | 33.9 ms | β⁻ |
| Mn-69 | 44 | 22 ms | β⁻ |
| Mn-70 | 45 | 19.9 ms | β⁻ |
| Mn-71 | 46 | unknown | β⁻ |
| Mn-72 | 47 | unknown | β⁻ |
| Mn-73 | 48 | unknown | β⁻ |
Data sources
- PubChem Periodic Table API - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC0
- IUPAC CIAAW - Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024 - Table version: 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NNDC Wallet Cards 2023 - Data as of 15 October 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD) - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: © U.S. Secretary of Commerce
- Images of Elements - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC BY 3.0