Element: Neodymium
General data
| Element name | Neodymium |
|---|---|
| Chemical symbol | Nd |
| Atomic number Z | 60 |
| Year discovered | 1885 |
| Standard state (25°C) | Solid |
| Category | Lanthanide |
| Block | f |
| Atomic mass | 144.24 |
| CPK color | #C7FFC7 |
Physical properties
| Melting point | 1294 K (1021 °C) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 3347 K (3074 °C) |
| Density | 7.01 g/cm³ |
Energy properties
| First ionization energy | 5.525 eV |
|---|---|
| Electron affinity | no data |
Atomic structure
| Protons | 60 (Atomic number) |
|---|---|
| Neutrons (Nd-142, most abundant isotope) | 82 |
| Electrons | 60 |
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 6s² 4f⁴ |
| Oxidation states | +3 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.14 |
| Atomic radius (van der Waals) | 229 pm |
Ionization energies - NIST ASD (60 states)
| State | Charge | Ioniz. energy (eV) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nd I | 0+ | 5.52475 ± 0.00005 | measured |
| Nd II | 1+ | 10.783 ± 0.02 | semi-empirical |
| Nd III | 2+ | 22.09 ± 0.04 | semi-empirical |
| Nd IV | 3+ | 40.6 ± 0.04 | semi-empirical |
| Nd V | 4+ | 60 ± 0.3 | semi-empirical |
| Nd VI | 5+ | 84 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd VII | 6+ | 99 ± 5 | calculated |
| Nd VIII | 7+ | 114 ± 6 | calculated |
| Nd IX | 8+ | 136 ± 7 | calculated |
| Nd X | 9+ | 152 ± 8 | calculated |
| Nd XI | 10+ | 168 ± 8 | calculated |
| Nd XII | 11+ | 195 ± 10 | calculated |
| Nd XIII | 12+ | 221 ± 3 | calculated |
| Nd XIV | 13+ | 243 ± 0.2 | semi-empirical |
| Nd XV | 14+ | 389 ± 3 | calculated |
| Nd XVI | 15+ | 420 ± 3 | calculated |
| Nd XVII | 16+ | 453 ± 3 | calculated |
| Nd XVIII | 17+ | 489 ± 3 | calculated |
| Nd XIX | 18+ | 522 ± 3 | calculated |
| Nd XX | 19+ | 562 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXI | 20+ | 602 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXII | 21+ | 638 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXIII | 22+ | 678 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXIV | 23+ | 714 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXV | 24+ | 859 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXVI | 25+ | 896 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXVII | 26+ | 939 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXVIII | 27+ | 978 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXIX | 28+ | 1049 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXX | 29+ | 1092 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXXI | 30+ | 1191 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXXII | 31+ | 1238.42 ± 0.17 | semi-empirical |
| Nd XXXIII | 32+ | 2134 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXXIV | 33+ | 2224 ± 5 | calculated |
| Nd XXXV | 34+ | 2321 ± 5 | calculated |
| Nd XXXVI | 35+ | 2425 ± 5 | calculated |
| Nd XXXVII | 36+ | 2525 ± 5 | calculated |
| Nd XXXVIII | 37+ | 2627 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XXXIX | 38+ | 2758 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XL | 39+ | 2861 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XLI | 40+ | 2974 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XLII | 41+ | 3078 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XLIII | 42+ | 3371 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XLIV | 43+ | 3465 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XLV | 44+ | 3567 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XLVI | 45+ | 3662 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XLVII | 46+ | 3891 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XLVIII | 47+ | 3997 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd XLIX | 48+ | 4198 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd L | 49+ | 4302 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd LI | 50+ | 9742 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd LII | 51+ | 10002 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd LIII | 52+ | 10288 ± 4 | calculated |
| Nd LIV | 53+ | 10555 ± 5 | calculated |
| Nd LV | 54+ | 11384 ± 5 | calculated |
| Nd LVI | 55+ | 11694 ± 5 | calculated |
| Nd LVII | 56+ | 12082 ± 5 | calculated |
| Nd LVIII | 57+ | 12341.66 ± 0.07 | calculated |
| Nd LIX | 58+ | 50339.59 ± 0.06 | calculated |
| Nd LX | 59+ | 51515.78 ± 0.04 | calculated |
Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.
Photos
Isotopes (39)
| A | N | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nd-125 | 65 | 0.65 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-126 | 66 | unknown | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-127 | 67 | 1.8 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-128 | 68 | unknown | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-129 | 69 | 6.7 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-130 | 70 | 21 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-131 | 71 | 25.4 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-132 | 72 | 94 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-133 | 73 | 70 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-134 | 74 | 8.5 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-135 | 75 | 12.4 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-136 | 76 | 50.7 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-137 | 77 | 38.5 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-138 | 78 | 5.11 h | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-139 | 79 | 29.7 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-140 | 80 | 3.37 d | EC |
| Nd-141 | 81 | 2.49 h | EC/β⁺ |
| Nd-142 | 82 | stable | - |
| Nd-143 | 83 | stable | - |
| Nd-144 | 84 | 2.29×10¹⁵ a | α |
| Nd-145 | 85 | stable | - |
| Nd-146 | 86 | stable | - |
| Nd-147 | 87 | 11.12 d | β⁻ |
| Nd-148 | 88 | stable | - |
| Nd-149 | 89 | 1.728 h | β⁻ |
| Nd-150 | 90 | 9.3×10¹⁸ a | 2β⁻ |
| Nd-151 | 91 | 12.44 min | β⁻ |
| Nd-152 | 92 | 11.4 min | β⁻ |
| Nd-153 | 93 | 31.6 s | β⁻ |
| Nd-154 | 94 | 25.9 s | β⁻ |
| Nd-155 | 95 | 8.9 s | β⁻ |
| Nd-156 | 96 | 5.27 s | β⁻ |
| Nd-157 | 97 | 1.16 s | β⁻ |
| Nd-158 | 98 | 820 ms | β⁻ |
| Nd-159 | 99 | 490 ms | β⁻ |
| Nd-160 | 100 | 440 ms | β⁻ |
| Nd-161 | 101 | 220 ms | β⁻ |
| Nd-162 | 102 | 310 ms | β⁻ |
| Nd-163 | 103 | unknown | β⁻ |
Data sources
- PubChem Periodic Table API - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC0
- IUPAC CIAAW - Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024 - Table version: 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NNDC Wallet Cards 2023 - Data as of 15 October 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD) - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: © U.S. Secretary of Commerce
- Images of Elements - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC BY 3.0