Element: Radon

General data

Element name	Radon
Chemical symbol	Rn
Atomic number Z	86
Year discovered	1900
Standard state (25°C)	Gas
Category	Noble gas
Block	p
Atomic mass	[222]
CPK color	#428296

Physical properties

Melting point	202 K (-71 °C)
Boiling point	211.45 K (-61.70 °C)
Density	0.00973 g/cm³

Energy properties

First ionization energy	10.745 eV
Electron affinity	no data

Atomic structure

Protons	86 (Atomic number)
Neutrons (Rn-222, longest-lived isotope)	136
Electrons	86
Electron configuration	[Xe] 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶
Oxidation states	no data
Electronegativity (Pauling)	no data
Atomic radius (van der Waals)	220 pm

Ionization energies - NIST ASD (86 states)

State	Charge	Ioniz. energy (eV)	Type
Rn I	0+	10.7485	measured
Rn II	1+	18.99 ± 0.06	calculated
Rn III	2+	29.4 ± 1	semi-empirical
Rn IV	3+	36.9 ± 1.7	calculated
Rn V	4+	52.9 ± 1.9	calculated
Rn VI	5+	64 ± 2	calculated
Rn VII	6+	88 ± 2	calculated
Rn VIII	7+	102 ± 2.1	calculated
Rn IX	8+	154 ± 2.2	calculated
Rn X	9+	173.9 ± 2.2	calculated
Rn XI	10+	195 ± 2.4	calculated
Rn XII	11+	218 ± 2.5	calculated
Rn XIII	12+	240 ± 3	calculated
Rn XIV	13+	264 ± 3	calculated
Rn XV	14+	293 ± 3	calculated
Rn XVI	15+	317 ± 3	calculated
Rn XVII	16+	342 ± 3	calculated
Rn XVIII	17+	367 ± 3	calculated
Rn XIX	18+	488 ± 25	calculated
Rn XX	19+	520 ± 30	calculated
Rn XXI	20+	550 ± 30	calculated
Rn XXII	21+	580 ± 30	calculated
Rn XXIII	22+	640 ± 30	calculated
Rn XXIV	23+	680 ± 30	calculated
Rn XXV	24+	760 ± 40	calculated
Rn XXVI	25+	800 ± 40	calculated
Rn XXVII	26+	850 ± 40	calculated
Rn XXVIII	27+	920 ± 50	calculated
Rn XXIX	28+	980 ± 50	calculated
Rn XXX	29+	1050 ± 50	calculated
Rn XXXI	30+	1110 ± 60	calculated
Rn XXXII	31+	1180 ± 60	calculated
Rn XXXIII	32+	1250 ± 60	calculated
Rn XXXIV	33+	1310 ± 70	calculated
Rn XXXV	34+	1390 ± 70	calculated
Rn XXXVI	35+	1460 ± 70	calculated
Rn XXXVII	36+	1520 ± 80	calculated
Rn XXXVIII	37+	1590 ± 70	calculated
Rn XXXIX	38+	1660 ± 90	calculated
Rn XL	39+	1720 ± 90	calculated
Rn XLI	40+	2033 ± 4	calculated
Rn XLII	41+	2094 ± 4	calculated
Rn XLIII	42+	2158 ± 4	calculated
Rn XLIV	43+	2227 ± 4	calculated
Rn XLV	44+	2293 ± 4	calculated
Rn XLVI	45+	2357 ± 4	calculated
Rn XLVII	46+	2467 ± 4	calculated
Rn XLVIII	47+	2535 ± 4	calculated
Rn XLIX	48+	2606 ± 4	calculated
Rn L	49+	2674 ± 4	calculated
Rn LI	50+	2944 ± 4	calculated
Rn LII	51+	3010 ± 4	calculated
Rn LIII	52+	3082 ± 4	calculated
Rn LIV	53+	3149 ± 5	calculated
Rn LV	54+	3433 ± 5	calculated
Rn LVI	55+	3510 ± 5	calculated
Rn LVII	56+	3699 ± 5	calculated
Rn LVIII	57+	3777 ± 3	semi-empirical
Rn LIX	58+	6169 ± 6	calculated
Rn LX	59+	6318 ± 7	calculated
Rn LXI	60+	6476 ± 10	calculated
Rn LXII	61+	6646 ± 12	calculated
Rn LXIII	62+	6807 ± 15	calculated
Rn LXIV	63+	6964 ± 19	calculated
Rn LXV	64+	7283 ± 24	calculated
Rn LXVI	65+	7450 ± 30	calculated
Rn LXVII	66+	7630 ± 40	calculated
Rn LXVIII	67+	7800 ± 40	calculated
Rn LXIX	68+	8260 ± 50	calculated
Rn LXX	69+	8410 ± 50	calculated
Rn LXXI	70+	8570 ± 60	calculated
Rn LXXII	71+	8710 ± 60	calculated
Rn LXXIII	72+	9610 ± 70	calculated
Rn LXXIV	73+	9780 ± 90	calculated
Rn LXXV	74+	10120 ± 90	calculated
Rn LXXVI	75+	10290 ± 100	calculated
Rn LXXVII	76+	21770 ± 110	calculated
Rn LXXVIII	77+	22160 ± 120	calculated
Rn LXXIX	78+	22600 ± 120	calculated
Rn LXXX	79+	22990 ± 140	calculated
Rn LXXXI	80+	26310 ± 150	calculated
Rn LXXXII	81+	26830 ± 160	calculated
Rn LXXXIII	82+	27490 ± 170	calculated
Rn LXXXIV	83+	27903.1 ± 0.5	calculated
Rn LXXXV	84+	110846.3 ± 0.5	calculated
Rn LXXXVI	85+	112842.2 ± 0.7	calculated

Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.

Photos

Photo of the element: Radon (Rn) — © images-of-elements.com (CC BY 3.0)

Isotopes (39)

A	N	Half-life	Decay
Rn-193	107	1.2 ms	α
Rn-194	108	0.78 ms	α
Rn-195	109	6 ms	α
Rn-196	110	4.4 ms	α
Rn-197	111	55 ms	α
Rn-198	112	65 ms	α
Rn-199	113	0.60 s	α
Rn-200	114	1.03 s	α
Rn-201	115	7.0 s	α
Rn-202	116	9.75 s	α
Rn-203	117	44 s	α
Rn-204	118	74 s	α
Rn-205	119	170 s	α
Rn-206	120	6.29 min	α
Rn-207	121	9.25 min	α
Rn-208	122	24.28 min	α
Rn-209	123	28.7 min	α
Rn-210	124	2.42 h	α
Rn-211	125	14.7 h	α
Rn-212	126	23.9 min	α
Rn-213	127	19.38 ms	α
Rn-214	128	259 ns	α
Rn-215	129	2.3 μs	α
Rn-216	130	29 μs	α
Rn-217	131	0.59 ms	α
Rn-218	132	33.75 ms	α
Rn-219	133	3.96 s	α
Rn-220	134	55.6 s	α
Rn-221	135	25.7 min	α
Rn-222	136	3.82146 d	α
Rn-223	137	24.3 min	β⁻
Rn-224	138	114 min	β⁻
Rn-225	139	4.66 min	β⁻
Rn-226	140	7.4 min	β⁻
Rn-227	141	20.8 s	β⁻
Rn-228	142	65 s	β⁻
Rn-229	143	12.0 s	β⁻
Rn-230	144	unknown	β⁻
Rn-231	145	unknown	β⁻

Data sources

PubChem Periodic Table API - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC0
IUPAC CIAAW - Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024 - Table version: 2024 - licence: Public domain
NNDC Wallet Cards 2023 - Data as of 15 October 2024 - licence: Public domain
Images of Elements - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC BY 3.0

More about the data sources