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Element: Rutherfordium

This element has only been produced a few atoms at a time, so most of its properties have never been measured - missing values are omitted.

General data

Element nameRutherfordium
Chemical symbolRf
Atomic number Z104
Year discovered1964
Standard state (25°C)Solid
CategoryTransition metal
Blockd
Atomic mass[267]
CPK color#CC0059

Physical properties

none - only single atoms have been produced

Energy properties

none - only single atoms have been produced

Atomic structure

Protons104 (Atomic number)
Neutrons (Rf-267, longest-lived isotope)163
Electrons104
Electron configuration[Rn] 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d²
Oxidation states+4

Ionization energies - NIST ASD (69 states)

StateChargeIoniz. energy (eV)Type
Rf I0+6.02 ± 0.04calculated
Rf II1+14.35 ± 0.04calculated
Rf III2+23.84 ± 0.04calculated
Rf IV3+31.87 ± 0.04calculated
Rf V4+64 ± 1.9calculated
Rf VI5+77 ± 2calculated
Rf VII6+102 ± 2calculated
Rf VIII7+119 ± 2.1calculated
Rf IX8+146.1 ± 2.2calculated
Rf X9+169 ± 2.2calculated
Rf XI10+193 ± 2.4calculated
Rf XII11+225 ± 2.5calculated
Rf XIII12+244 ± 3calculated
Rf XIV13+275 ± 3calculated
Rf XXVII26+791 ± 4calculated
Rf XXVIII27+825 ± 4calculated
Rf XXIX28+860 ± 4calculated
Rf XXX29+899 ± 4calculated
Rf XXXI30+936 ± 4calculated
Rf XXXII31+972 ± 4calculated
Rf XXXIII32+1036 ± 4calculated
Rf XXXIV33+1073 ± 5calculated
Rf XXXV34+1114 ± 5calculated
Rf XXXVI35+1151 ± 5calculated
Rf LIX58+3857 ± 6calculated
Rf LX59+3938 ± 7calculated
Rf LXI60+4025 ± 10calculated
Rf LXII61+4116 ± 12calculated
Rf LXIII62+4203 ± 15calculated
Rf LXIV63+4287 ± 19calculated
Rf LXV64+4489 ± 24calculated
Rf LXVI65+4580 ± 30calculated
Rf LXVII66+4670 ± 40calculated
Rf LXVIII67+4760 ± 40calculated
Rf LXIX68+5130 ± 50calculated
Rf LXX69+5210 ± 50calculated
Rf LXXI70+5300 ± 60calculated
Rf LXXII71+5390 ± 60calculated
Rf LXXIII72+6100 ± 70calculated
Rf LXXIV73+6200 ± 90calculated
Rf LXXV74+6470 ± 90calculated
Rf LXXVI75+6570 ± 100calculated
Rf LXXVII76+10170 ± 110calculated
Rf LXXVIII77+10360 ± 120calculated
Rf LXXIX78+10560 ± 120calculated
Rf LXXX79+10780 ± 140calculated
Rf LXXXI80+10980 ± 150calculated
Rf LXXXII81+11180 ± 160calculated
Rf LXXXIII82+11750 ± 170calculated
Rf LXXXIV83+11960 ± 190calculated
Rf LXXXV84+12200 ± 200calculated
Rf LXXXVI85+12410 ± 220calculated
Rf LXXXVII86+13010 ± 240calculated
Rf LXXXVIII87+13190 ± 250calculated
Rf LXXXIX88+13400 ± 300calculated
Rf XC89+13600 ± 300calculated
Rf XCI90+15800 ± 300calculated
Rf XCII91+16000 ± 300calculated
Rf XCIII92+16400 ± 400calculated
Rf XCIV93+16700 ± 400calculated
Rf XCV94+33100 ± 400calculated
Rf XCVI95+33600 ± 400calculated
Rf XCVII96+34100 ± 400calculated
Rf XCVIII97+34600 ± 400calculated
Rf XCIX98+42700 ± 500calculated
Rf C99+43400 ± 500calculated
Rf CI100+44300 ± 500calculated
Rf CIII102+174265 ± 9calculated
Rf CIV103+177142 ± 9calculated

Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.

NIST gives no energy for some ionization stages - hence the gaps in numbering.

Photos

Photo of the element: Rutherfordium (Rf)
© images-of-elements.com (CC BY 3.0)

Isotopes (13)

ANHalf-lifeDecay
Rf-25314910.3 msα
Rf-25415022.8 μsSF
Rf-2551511.67 sα
Rf-2561526.76 msSF
Rf-2571534.5 sα
Rf-2581549.8 msSF
Rf-2591552.5 sα
Rf-26015621.7 msSF
Rf-26115770 sα
Rf-26215850 msSF
Rf-26315914 minSF
Rf-2651611.0 minSF
Rf-2671631.3 hSF

Data sources

More about the data sources