Element: Seaborgium
This element has only been produced a few atoms at a time, so most of its properties have never been measured - missing values are omitted.
General data
| Element name | Seaborgium |
|---|---|
| Chemical symbol | Sg |
| Atomic number Z | 106 |
| Year discovered | 1974 |
| Standard state (25°C) | Solid |
| Category | Transition metal |
| Block | d |
| Atomic mass | [269] |
| CPK color | #D90045 |
Physical properties
none - only single atoms have been produced
Energy properties
none - only single atoms have been produced
Atomic structure
| Protons | 106 (Atomic number) |
|---|---|
| Neutrons (Sg-269, longest-lived isotope) | 163 |
| Electrons | 106 |
| Electron configuration | [Rn] 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ |
| Oxidation states | +6, +5, +4, +3, 0 |
Ionization energies - NIST ASD (71 states)
| State | Charge | Ioniz. energy (eV) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sg I | 0+ | 7.8 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Sg II | 1+ | 17.1 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Sg III | 2+ | 25.8 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Sg IV | 3+ | 35.5 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Sg V | 4+ | 47.2 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Sg VI | 5+ | 59.3 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Sg VII | 6+ | 109 ± 2 | calculated |
| Sg VIII | 7+ | 122 ± 2.1 | calculated |
| Sg IX | 8+ | 152 ± 2.2 | calculated |
| Sg X | 9+ | 170 ± 2.2 | calculated |
| Sg XI | 10+ | 200 ± 2.4 | calculated |
| Sg XII | 11+ | 224 ± 2.5 | calculated |
| Sg XIII | 12+ | 251 ± 3 | calculated |
| Sg XIV | 13+ | 285 ± 3 | calculated |
| Sg XV | 14+ | 306 ± 3 | calculated |
| Sg XVI | 15+ | 339 ± 3 | calculated |
| Sg XXIX | 28+ | 885 ± 4 | calculated |
| Sg XXX | 29+ | 921 ± 4 | calculated |
| Sg XXXI | 30+ | 958 ± 4 | calculated |
| Sg XXXII | 31+ | 998 ± 4 | calculated |
| Sg XXXIII | 32+ | 1036 ± 4 | calculated |
| Sg XXXIV | 33+ | 1073 ± 5 | calculated |
| Sg XXXV | 34+ | 1143 ± 5 | calculated |
| Sg XXXVI | 35+ | 1181 ± 5 | calculated |
| Sg XXXVII | 36+ | 1223 ± 5 | calculated |
| Sg XXXVIII | 37+ | 1263 ± 4 | calculated |
| Sg LXI | 60+ | 4095 ± 10 | calculated |
| Sg LXII | 61+ | 4178 ± 12 | calculated |
| Sg LXIII | 62+ | 4267 ± 15 | calculated |
| Sg LXIV | 63+ | 4360 ± 19 | calculated |
| Sg LXV | 64+ | 4450 ± 24 | calculated |
| Sg LXVI | 65+ | 4540 ± 30 | calculated |
| Sg LXVII | 66+ | 4750 ± 40 | calculated |
| Sg LXVIII | 67+ | 4840 ± 40 | calculated |
| Sg LXIX | 68+ | 4940 ± 50 | calculated |
| Sg LXX | 69+ | 5030 ± 50 | calculated |
| Sg LXXI | 70+ | 5410 ± 60 | calculated |
| Sg LXXII | 71+ | 5490 ± 60 | calculated |
| Sg LXXIII | 72+ | 5590 ± 70 | calculated |
| Sg LXXIV | 73+ | 5680 ± 90 | calculated |
| Sg LXXV | 74+ | 6460 ± 90 | calculated |
| Sg LXXVI | 75+ | 6570 ± 100 | calculated |
| Sg LXXVII | 76+ | 6840 ± 110 | calculated |
| Sg LXXVIII | 77+ | 6950 ± 120 | calculated |
| Sg LXXIX | 78+ | 10680 ± 120 | calculated |
| Sg LXXX | 79+ | 10870 ± 140 | calculated |
| Sg LXXXI | 80+ | 11080 ± 150 | calculated |
| Sg LXXXII | 81+ | 11300 ± 160 | calculated |
| Sg LXXXIII | 82+ | 11510 ± 170 | calculated |
| Sg LXXXIV | 83+ | 11710 ± 190 | calculated |
| Sg LXXXV | 84+ | 12320 ± 200 | calculated |
| Sg LXXXVI | 85+ | 12540 ± 220 | calculated |
| Sg LXXXVII | 86+ | 12780 ± 240 | calculated |
| Sg LXXXVIII | 87+ | 12990 ± 250 | calculated |
| Sg LXXXIX | 88+ | 13600 ± 300 | calculated |
| Sg XC | 89+ | 13800 ± 300 | calculated |
| Sg XCI | 90+ | 14000 ± 300 | calculated |
| Sg XCII | 91+ | 14200 ± 300 | calculated |
| Sg XCIII | 92+ | 16600 ± 400 | calculated |
| Sg XCIV | 93+ | 16800 ± 400 | calculated |
| Sg XCV | 94+ | 17300 ± 400 | calculated |
| Sg XCVI | 95+ | 17500 ± 400 | calculated |
| Sg XCVII | 96+ | 34500 ± 400 | calculated |
| Sg XCVIII | 97+ | 35000 ± 400 | calculated |
| Sg XCIX | 98+ | 35600 ± 500 | calculated |
| Sg C | 99+ | 36100 ± 500 | calculated |
| Sg CI | 100+ | 44900 ± 500 | calculated |
| Sg CII | 101+ | 45700 ± 500 | calculated |
| Sg CIII | 102+ | 46600 ± 500 | calculated |
| Sg CV | 104+ | 182833 ± 11 | calculated |
| Sg CVI | 105+ | 185835 ± 11 | calculated |
Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.
NIST gives no energy for some ionization stages - hence the gaps in numbering.
Data sources
- PubChem Periodic Table API - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC0
- IUPAC CIAAW - Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024 - Table version: 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NNDC Wallet Cards 2023 - Data as of 15 October 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD) - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: © U.S. Secretary of Commerce