Element: Silver
General data
| Element name | Silver |
|---|---|
| Chemical symbol | Ag |
| Atomic number Z | 47 |
| Year discovered | known since antiquity |
| Standard state (25°C) | Solid |
| Category | Transition metal |
| Block | d |
| Atomic mass | 107.87 |
| CPK color | #C0C0C0 |
Physical properties
| Melting point | 1234.93 K (961.78 °C) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 2435 K (2162 °C) |
| Density | 10.501 g/cm³ |
Energy properties
| First ionization energy | 7.576 eV |
|---|---|
| Electron affinity | 1.302 eV |
Atomic structure
| Protons | 47 (Atomic number) |
|---|---|
| Neutrons (Ag-107, most abundant isotope) | 60 |
| Electrons | 47 |
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 5s¹ 4d¹⁰ |
| Oxidation states | +1 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.93 |
| Atomic radius (van der Waals) | 172 pm |
Ionization energies - NIST ASD (47 states)
| State | Charge | Ioniz. energy (eV) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ag I | 0+ | 7.576234 ± 0.000025 | measured |
| Ag II | 1+ | 21.4844 ± 0.0009 | measured |
| Ag III | 2+ | 34.8 ± 0.3 | semi-empirical |
| Ag IV | 3+ | 49 ± 1.7 | calculated |
| Ag V | 4+ | 65 ± 1.9 | calculated |
| Ag VI | 5+ | 82 ± 2 | calculated |
| Ag VII | 6+ | 106 ± 2 | calculated |
| Ag VIII | 7+ | 125 ± 2.1 | calculated |
| Ag IX | 8+ | 145.1 ± 2.2 | calculated |
| Ag X | 9+ | 167 ± 2.2 | calculated |
| Ag XI | 10+ | 188 ± 2.4 | calculated |
| Ag XII | 11+ | 271.46 ± 0.12 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XIII | 12+ | 294 ± 3 | calculated |
| Ag XIV | 13+ | 321 ± 3 | calculated |
| Ag XV | 14+ | 347 ± 3 | calculated |
| Ag XVI | 15+ | 381 ± 3 | calculated |
| Ag XVII | 16+ | 408.43 ± 0.16 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XVIII | 17+ | 469 ± 3 | calculated |
| Ag XIX | 18+ | 500.87 ± 0.16 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XX | 19+ | 885 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXI | 20+ | 946 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXII | 21+ | 1013 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXIII | 22+ | 1082 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXIV | 23+ | 1149 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXV | 24+ | 1231 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXVI | 25+ | 1308 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXVII | 26+ | 1382 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXVIII | 27+ | 1460 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXIX | 28+ | 1535 ± 4 | calculated |
| Ag XXX | 29+ | 1747 ± 5 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XXXI | 30+ | 1810.5 ± 1.9 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XXXII | 31+ | 1888 ± 2.4 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XXXIII | 32+ | 1979 ± 8 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XXXIV | 33+ | 2077 ± 4 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XXXV | 34+ | 2131 ± 10 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XXXVI | 35+ | 2302 ± 3 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XXXVII | 36+ | 2371.99 ± 0.07 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XXXVIII | 37+ | 5558 ± 3 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XXXIX | 38+ | 5753 ± 9 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XL | 39+ | 5966 ± 12 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XLI | 40+ | 6170 ± 40 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XLII | 41+ | 6551 ± 7 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XLIII | 42+ | 6785 ± 5 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XLIV | 43+ | 7082 ± 7 | semi-empirical |
| Ag XLV | 44+ | 7271.298 ± 0.024 | calculated |
| Ag XLVI | 45+ | 30097.314 ± 0.015 | calculated |
| Ag XLVII | 46+ | 30965.78 ± 0.007 | calculated |
Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.
Photos
Isotopes (41)
| A | N | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ag-92 | 45 | unknown | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-93 | 46 | 228 ns | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-94 | 47 | 27 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-95 | 48 | 1.81 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-96 | 49 | 4.44 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-97 | 50 | 25.5 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-98 | 51 | 47.5 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-99 | 52 | 124 s | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-100 | 53 | 2.01 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-101 | 54 | 11.1 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-102 | 55 | 12.9 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-103 | 56 | 65.8 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-104 | 57 | 69.3 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-105 | 58 | 41.29 d | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-106 | 59 | 23.96 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Ag-107 | 60 | stable | - |
| Ag-108 | 61 | 2.39 min | β⁻ |
| Ag-109 | 62 | stable | - |
| Ag-110 | 63 | 24.56 s | β⁻ |
| Ag-111 | 64 | 7.421 d | β⁻ |
| Ag-112 | 65 | 3.15 h | β⁻ |
| Ag-113 | 66 | 5.37 h | β⁻ |
| Ag-114 | 67 | 4.59 s | β⁻ |
| Ag-115 | 68 | 20.0 min | β⁻ |
| Ag-116 | 69 | 3.83 min | β⁻ |
| Ag-117 | 70 | 72.8 s | β⁻ |
| Ag-118 | 71 | 3.87 s | β⁻ |
| Ag-119 | 72 | 6.0 s | β⁻ |
| Ag-120 | 73 | 1.52 s | β⁻ |
| Ag-121 | 74 | 0.781 s | β⁻ |
| Ag-122 | 75 | 0.55 s | β⁻ |
| Ag-123 | 76 | 300 ms | β⁻ |
| Ag-124 | 77 | 182 ms | β⁻ |
| Ag-125 | 78 | 176 ms | β⁻ |
| Ag-126 | 79 | 52 ms | β⁻ |
| Ag-127 | 80 | 89.1 ms | β⁻ |
| Ag-128 | 81 | 66.6 ms | β⁻ |
| Ag-129 | 82 | 52 ms | β⁻ |
| Ag-130 | 83 | 41 ms | β⁻ |
| Ag-131 | 84 | 35 ms | β⁻ |
| Ag-132 | 85 | 28 ms | β⁻ |
Data sources
- PubChem Periodic Table API - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC0
- IUPAC CIAAW - Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024 - Table version: 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NNDC Wallet Cards 2023 - Data as of 15 October 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD) - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: © U.S. Secretary of Commerce
- Images of Elements - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC BY 3.0