Element: Titanium
General data
| Element name | Titanium |
|---|---|
| Chemical symbol | Ti |
| Atomic number Z | 22 |
| Year discovered | 1791 |
| Standard state (25°C) | Solid |
| Category | Transition metal |
| Block | d |
| Atomic mass | 47.867 |
| CPK color | #BFC2C7 |
Physical properties
| Melting point | 1941 K (1668 °C) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 3560 K (3287 °C) |
| Density | 4.5 g/cm³ |
Energy properties
| First ionization energy | 6.828 eV |
|---|---|
| Electron affinity | 0.079 eV |
Atomic structure
| Protons | 22 (Atomic number) |
|---|---|
| Neutrons (Ti-48, most abundant isotope) | 26 |
| Electrons | 22 |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 4s² 3d² |
| Oxidation states | +4, +3, +2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.54 |
| Atomic radius (van der Waals) | 187 pm |
Ionization energies - NIST ASD (22 states)
| State | Charge | Ioniz. energy (eV) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ti I | 0+ | 6.82812 ± 0.000012 | measured |
| Ti II | 1+ | 13.5755 ± 0.0025 | measured |
| Ti III | 2+ | 27.49171 ± 0.00025 | measured |
| Ti IV | 3+ | 43.26717 ± 0.00019 | measured |
| Ti V | 4+ | 99.299 ± 0.012 | measured |
| Ti VI | 5+ | 119.533 ± 0.025 | semi-empirical |
| Ti VII | 6+ | 140.68 ± 0.18 | semi-empirical |
| Ti VIII | 7+ | 170.5 ± 0.4 | semi-empirical |
| Ti IX | 8+ | 192.1 ± 0.4 | semi-empirical |
| Ti X | 9+ | 215.92 ± 0.12 | measured |
| Ti XI | 10+ | 265.07 ± 0.06 | semi-empirical |
| Ti XII | 11+ | 291.5 ± 0.005 | semi-empirical |
| Ti XIII | 12+ | 787.67 ± 0.04 | measured |
| Ti XIV | 13+ | 864 ± 1.2 | semi-empirical |
| Ti XV | 14+ | 944.5 ± 1.6 | semi-empirical |
| Ti XVI | 15+ | 1042.5 ± 0.8 | semi-empirical |
| Ti XVII | 16+ | 1130.2 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Ti XVIII | 17+ | 1220.3 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Ti XIX | 18+ | 1346.3 ± 0.5 | semi-empirical |
| Ti XX | 19+ | 1425.257 ± 0.007 | calculated |
| Ti XXI | 20+ | 6249.0226 ± 0.0007 | calculated |
| Ti XXII | 21+ | 6625.81023 ± 0.0001 | calculated |
Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.
Photos
Isotopes (26)
| A | N | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ti-39 | 17 | 28.5 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Ti-40 | 18 | 52.4 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Ti-41 | 19 | 81.9 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Ti-42 | 20 | 208.3 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Ti-43 | 21 | 509 ms | EC/β⁺ |
| Ti-44 | 22 | 59.1 a | EC |
| Ti-45 | 23 | 184.8 min | EC/β⁺ |
| Ti-46 | 24 | stable | - |
| Ti-47 | 25 | stable | - |
| Ti-48 | 26 | stable | - |
| Ti-49 | 27 | stable | - |
| Ti-50 | 28 | stable | - |
| Ti-51 | 29 | 5.756 min | β⁻ |
| Ti-52 | 30 | 1.7 min | β⁻ |
| Ti-53 | 31 | 32.7 s | β⁻ |
| Ti-54 | 32 | 1.6 s | β⁻ |
| Ti-55 | 33 | 1.3 s | β⁻ |
| Ti-56 | 34 | 199 ms | β⁻ |
| Ti-57 | 35 | 94 ms | β⁻ |
| Ti-58 | 36 | 55 ms | β⁻ |
| Ti-59 | 37 | 28.5 ms | β⁻ |
| Ti-60 | 38 | 22.2 ms | β⁻ |
| Ti-61 | 39 | 15 ms | β⁻ |
| Ti-62 | 40 | unknown | β⁻ |
| Ti-63 | 41 | unknown | β⁻ |
| Ti-64 | 42 | unknown | β⁻ |
Data sources
- PubChem Periodic Table API - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC0
- IUPAC CIAAW - Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024 - Table version: 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NNDC Wallet Cards 2023 - Data as of 15 October 2024 - licence: Public domain
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD) - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: © U.S. Secretary of Commerce
- Images of Elements - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC BY 3.0