Element: Tungsten

General data

Element name	Tungsten
Chemical symbol	W
Atomic number Z	74
Year discovered	1783
Standard state (25°C)	Solid
Category	Transition metal
Block	d
Atomic mass	183.84
CPK color	#2194D6

Physical properties

Melting point	3695 K (3422 °C)
Boiling point	5828 K (5555 °C)
Density	19.3 g/cm³

Energy properties

First ionization energy	7.98 eV
Electron affinity	0.815 eV

Atomic structure

Protons	74 (Atomic number)
Neutrons (W-184, most abundant isotope)	110
Electrons	74
Electron configuration	[Xe] 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴
Oxidation states	+6
Electronegativity (Pauling)	2.36
Atomic radius (van der Waals)	210 pm

Ionization energies - NIST ASD (74 states)

State	Charge	Ioniz. energy (eV)	Type
W I	0+	7.86403 ± 0.0001	measured
W II	1+	16.37 ± 0.15	semi-empirical
W III	2+	26 ± 0.4	semi-empirical
W IV	3+	38.2 ± 0.4	semi-empirical
W V	4+	51.6 ± 0.3	semi-empirical
W VI	5+	64.77 ± 0.04	semi-empirical
W VII	6+	122.01 ± 0.06	semi-empirical
W VIII	7+	141.2 ± 1.2	semi-empirical
W IX	8+	160.2 ± 1.2	semi-empirical
W X	9+	179 ± 1.2	semi-empirical
W XI	10+	208.9 ± 1.2	semi-empirical
W XII	11+	231.6 ± 1.2	semi-empirical
W XIII	12+	258.3 ± 1.2	semi-empirical
W XIV	13+	290.7 ± 1.2	semi-empirical
W XV	14+	325.3 ± 1.5	semi-empirical
W XVI	15+	361.9 ± 1.5	semi-empirical
W XVII	16+	387.9 ± 1.2	semi-empirical
W XVIII	17+	420.7 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XIX	18+	462.1 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XX	19+	502.6 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XXI	20+	543.4 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XXII	21+	594.5 ± 1.5	semi-empirical
W XXIII	22+	640.6 ± 1.5	semi-empirical
W XXIV	23+	685.6 ± 1.6	semi-empirical
W XXV	24+	734.1 ± 1.7	semi-empirical
W XXVI	25+	784.4 ± 1.9	semi-empirical
W XXVII	26+	833.4 ± 1.9	semi-empirical
W XXVIII	27+	881.4 ± 1.6	semi-empirical
W XXIX	28+	1132.2 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XXX	29+	1180 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XXXI	30+	1230.4 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XXXII	31+	1283.4 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XXXIII	32+	1335.1 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XXXIV	33+	1386.8 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XXXV	34+	1459.9 ± 1.5	semi-empirical
W XXXVI	35+	1512.4 ± 1.5	semi-empirical
W XXXVII	36+	1569.1 ± 1.5	semi-empirical
W XXXVIII	37+	1621.7 ± 1.5	semi-empirical
W XXXIX	38+	1829.8 ± 1.9	semi-empirical
W XL	39+	1882.9 ± 2	semi-empirical
W XLI	40+	1940.6 ± 2	semi-empirical
W XLII	41+	1994.8 ± 2	semi-empirical
W XLIII	42+	2149.1 ± 2.1	semi-empirical
W XLIV	43+	2210 ± 1.5	semi-empirical
W XLV	44+	2354.5 ± 1.4	semi-empirical
W XLVI	45+	2414.1 ± 0.4	semi-empirical
W XLVII	46+	4057 ± 3	measured
W XLVIII	47+	4180 ± 4	semi-empirical
W XLIX	48+	4309 ± 4	semi-empirical
W L	49+	4446 ± 4	semi-empirical
W LI	50+	4578 ± 4	semi-empirical
W LII	51+	4709 ± 4	semi-empirical
W LIII	52+	4927 ± 4	semi-empirical
W LIV	53+	5063 ± 4	semi-empirical
W LV	54+	5209 ± 4	semi-empirical
W LVI	55+	5348 ± 4	semi-empirical
W LVII	56+	5719 ± 5	semi-empirical
W LVIII	57+	5840 ± 5	semi-empirical
W LIX	58+	5970 ± 5	semi-empirical
W LX	59+	6093 ± 5	semi-empirical
W LXI	60+	6596 ± 7	semi-empirical
W LXII	61+	6735 ± 7	semi-empirical
W LXIII	62+	7000 ± 7	semi-empirical
W LXIV	63+	7130 ± 7	semi-empirical
W LXV	64+	15566 ± 11	semi-empirical
W LXVI	65+	15896 ± 11	semi-empirical
W LXVII	66+	16252 ± 11	semi-empirical
W LXVIII	67+	16588 ± 11	semi-empirical
W LXIX	68+	18476 ± 4	semi-empirical
W LXX	69+	18872 ± 3	semi-empirical
W LXXI	70+	19362 ± 3	semi-empirical
W LXXII	71+	19686.74 ± 0.2	calculated
W LXXIII	72+	79181.94 ± 0.19	calculated
W LXXIV	73+	80755.91 ± 0.14	calculated

Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.

Photos

Photo of the element: Tungsten (W) — © images-of-elements.com (CC BY 3.0)

Isotopes (41)

A	N	Half-life	Decay
W-157	83	280 ms	EC/β⁺
W-158	84	1.4 ms	α
W-159	85	8.5 ms	α
W-160	86	91 ms	α
W-161	87	409 ms	α
W-162	88	0.99 s	α
W-163	89	2.7 s	EC/β⁺
W-164	90	6.34 s	EC/β⁺
W-165	91	5.1 s	EC/β⁺
W-166	92	19.2 s	EC/β⁺
W-167	93	19.9 s	EC/β⁺
W-168	94	50.9 s	EC/β⁺
W-169	95	70 s	EC/β⁺
W-170	96	2.42 min	EC/β⁺
W-171	97	2.39 min	EC/β⁺
W-172	98	6.6 min	EC/β⁺
W-173	99	7.3 min	EC/β⁺
W-174	100	34.3 min	EC/β⁺
W-175	101	35.2 min	EC/β⁺
W-176	102	2.5 h	EC
W-177	103	132 min	EC/β⁺
W-178	104	21.6 d	EC
W-179	105	37.05 min	EC/β⁺
W-180	106	1.59×10¹⁸ a	α
W-181	107	120.96 d	EC
W-182	108	stable	-
W-183	109	stable	-
W-184	110	stable	-
W-185	111	74.9 d	β⁻
W-186	112	stable	-
W-187	113	23.80 h	β⁻
W-188	114	69.77 d	β⁻
W-189	115	11.6 min	β⁻
W-190	116	30.0 min	β⁻
W-191	117	unknown	β⁻
W-192	118	unknown	β⁻
W-193	119	unknown	β⁻
W-194	120	unknown	β⁻
W-195	121	unknown	β⁻
W-196	122	unknown	β⁻
W-197	123	unknown	β⁻

Data sources

PubChem Periodic Table API - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC0
IUPAC CIAAW - Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024 - Table version: 2024 - licence: Public domain
NNDC Wallet Cards 2023 - Data as of 15 October 2024 - licence: Public domain
Images of Elements - Retrieved on 29 June 2026 - licence: CC BY 3.0

More about the data sources