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Element: Yttrium

General data

Element nameYttrium
Chemical symbolY
Atomic number Z39
Year discovered1794
Standard state (25°C)Solid
CategoryTransition metal
Blockd
Atomic mass88.906
CPK color#94FFFF

Physical properties

Melting point1795 K (1522 °C)
Boiling point3618 K (3345 °C)
Density4.47 g/cm³

Energy properties

First ionization energy6.217 eV
Electron affinity0.307 eV

Atomic structure

Protons39 (Atomic number)
Neutrons (Y-89, most abundant isotope)50
Electrons39
Electron configuration[Kr] 5s² 4d¹
Oxidation states+3
Electronegativity (Pauling)1.22
Atomic radius (van der Waals)219 pm

Ionization energies - NIST ASD (39 states)

StateChargeIoniz. energy (eV)Type
Y I0+6.21726 ± 0.0001measured
Y II1+12.2236 ± 0.0006measured
Y III2+20.52441 ± 0.00012measured
Y IV3+60.6072 ± 0.0025semi-empirical
Y V4+75.35 ± 0.04measured
Y VI5+91.39 ± 0.025semi-empirical
Y VII6+110.02 ± 0.15semi-empirical
Y VIII7+128.12 ± 0.12semi-empirical
Y IX8+145.64 ± 0.04semi-empirical
Y X9+185.7 ± 0.4semi-empirical
Y XI10+205.814 ± 0.025measured
Y XII11+374.04 ± 0.25measured
Y XIII12+414 ± 3calculated
Y XIV13+463 ± 3calculated
Y XV14+512 ± 3calculated
Y XVI15+559 ± 3calculated
Y XVII16+624 ± 3calculated
Y XVIII17+677 ± 3calculated
Y XIX18+733 ± 3calculated
Y XX19+790 ± 4calculated
Y XXI20+847 ± 4calculated
Y XXII21+1010 ± 3semi-empirical
Y XXIII22+1061.9 ± 1.2semi-empirical
Y XXIV23+1120.2 ± 1.6semi-empirical
Y XXV24+1190 ± 4semi-empirical
Y XXVI25+1253 ± 3semi-empirical
Y XXVII26+1300 ± 6semi-empirical
Y XXVIII27+1427.6 ± 2semi-empirical
Y XXIX28+1483.12 ± 0.05semi-empirical
Y XXX29+3562.9 ± 2semi-empirical
Y XXXI30+3720 ± 6semi-empirical
Y XXXII31+3892 ± 8semi-empirical
Y XXXIII32+4060 ± 30semi-empirical
Y XXXIV33+4299 ± 5semi-empirical
Y XXXV34+4484 ± 3semi-empirical
Y XXXVI35+4724 ± 5semi-empirical
Y XXXVII36+4875.731 ± 0.012calculated
Y XXXVIII37+20415.719 ± 0.006calculated
Y XXXIX38+21115.588 ± 0.003calculated

Value type as given by NIST ASD: measured - from evaluated experimental data; calculated - from ab initio calculations (mostly highly ionised atoms that have not been measured; for the simplest ones, e.g. H I, the calculation is more accurate than measurement); semi-empirical - from interpolation, extrapolation or another semi-empirical method.

Photos

Photo of the element: Yttrium (Y)
© images-of-elements.com (CC BY 3.0)

Isotopes (36)

ANHalf-lifeDecay
Y-763724 msEC/β⁺
Y-773857 msEC/β⁺
Y-783950 msEC/β⁺
Y-794014.8 sEC/β⁺
Y-804130.1 sEC/β⁺
Y-814270.4 sEC/β⁺
Y-82438.3 sEC/β⁺
Y-83447.08 minEC/β⁺
Y-844540.1 minEC/β⁺
Y-85462.67 hEC/β⁺
Y-864714.74 hEC/β⁺
Y-874879.9 hEC/β⁺
Y-8849106.626 dEC/β⁺
Y-8950stable-
Y-905164.05 hβ⁻
Y-915258.56 dβ⁻
Y-92533.54 hβ⁻
Y-935410.17 hβ⁻
Y-945518.7 minβ⁻
Y-955610.4 minβ⁻
Y-96575.35 sβ⁻
Y-97583.75 sβ⁻
Y-9859548 msβ⁻
Y-99601.483 sβ⁻
Y-10061729 msβ⁻
Y-10162429 msβ⁻
Y-10263396 msβ⁻
Y-10364236 msβ⁻
Y-10465197 msβ⁻
Y-10566107 msβ⁻
Y-1066781 msβ⁻
Y-1076834 msβ⁻
Y-1086930 msβ⁻
Y-1097025 msβ⁻
Y-11071unknownβ⁻
Y-11172unknownβ⁻

Data sources

More about the data sources