Decay Simulator: Dubnium-256
General data
| Element name | Dubnium |
|---|---|
| Chemical symbol | Db |
| Atomic number Z | 105 |
| Isotope name (symbol) | Dubnium-256 (Db-256) |
| Neutron number N | 151 |
| Mass number A=Z+N | 256 |
Interactive radioactive decay simulation of Dubnium-256: atom-by-atom decay, full decay chain, charts of nuclei count and activity.
| Half-life | 1.9 s |
|---|
Radioactive decay series
- Dubnium-256 1.9 s
- Lawrencium-252 0.35 s · 70.0%
- Mendelevium-248 7 s · 70.0%
- Rutherfordium-256 6.76 ms · 30.0%
- Nobelium-252 2.45 s · 30.0%
- Fermium-248 34.5 s · 85.2%
- Einsteinium-244 37 s · 14.0%
- Californium-244 19.4 min · 98.7%
- Berkelium-244 5.02 h · 24.7%
- Mendelevium-252 2.3 min · 0.76%
- Fermium-252 25.38 h · 0.76%
- Californium-248 334 d · 0.76%
- Curium-244 18.11 a · 25.4%
- Berkelium-240 4.8 min · 0.56%
- Curium-240 30 d · 74.6%
- Americium-240 50.9 h · 0.37%
- Plutonium-240 6562 a · 25.8%
- Plutonium-236 2.858 a · 74.2%
- Uranium-236 2.343×10⁷ a · 25.8%
- Thorium-232 1.407×10¹⁰ a · 25.8%
- Radium-228 5.75 a · 25.8%
- Actinium-228 6.15 h · 25.8%
- Uranium-232 68.9 a · 74.2%
- Thorium-228 1.9116 a
- Radium-224 3.6313 d
- Radon-220 55.6 s
- Polonium-216 144.0 ms
- Lead-212 10.628 h
- Bismuth-212 60.55 min
- Polonium-212 295.0 ns · 64.1%
- Thallium-208 3.053 min · 35.9%
- Lead-208 stable
Rare branches (below 0.01%)
Rare branches are transformations that occur in fewer than 0.01% of decays, e.g. double beta decay or cluster emission. The nuclides they produce are practically absent from a sample, so they are hidden by default to keep the main path clear. In this series: branches - 2, nuclides - 8.
- Neptunium-236 1.550×10⁵ a · 7.1×10⁻⁷%
- Protactinium-232 1.31 d · 1.1×10⁻⁹%
- Lead-210 22.20 a · 4.0×10⁻⁹%
- Bismuth-210 5.012 d · 4.0×10⁻⁹%
- Polonium-210 138.378 d · 4.0×10⁻⁹%
- Mercury-206 8.32 min · 7.6×10⁻¹⁷%
- Thallium-206 4.202 min · 5.4×10⁻¹⁵%
- Lead-206 stable · 4.0×10⁻⁹%
How to read the simulation
Grid: each pixel is one atom of the starting isotope. When an atom decays, the pixel takes the colour of the decay product - in decay series mode the product can decay further. The moment each atom decays is random, but the probability follows from the half-life, so after one T½ about half of the atoms remain, after two - about a quarter.
Chart N(t): what percentage of the sample atoms each nuclide makes up at a given moment. The line of the starting isotope falls (by half after each T½), the lines of stable products rise, and those of short-lived ones first rise, then fall.
Chart A(t): activity, i.e. the number of decays per second (becquerel, Bq). It depends on the number of atoms and on how fast they decay: for the same number of atoms, the shorter the T½, the higher the activity.
Simulation time runs faster (or slower) than real time - the time scale slider sets the multiplier. This way you can watch the decay of isotopes that live from fractions of a second to billions of years.
Well-known isotopes
- H-3 - Tritium - glowing watch hands, nuclear fusion fuel.
- C-14 - Radiocarbon dating.
- K-40 - Natural radioactivity - in bananas and in our bodies.
- Co-60 - Radiotherapy and radiation sterilization.
- I-131 - Thyroid treatment; Chernobyl fallout.
- Cs-137 - Long-lasting contamination after Chernobyl and Fukushima.
- Rn-222 - Radon in basements and mines.
- Ra-226 - The longest-lived isotope of radium - the element discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898.
- U-235 - Nuclear power plant fuel; start of the actinium series.
- U-238 - Age of the Earth; start of the uranium series.
- Pu-238 - Power source for space probes (Voyager, Curiosity rover).
- Am-241 - Ionization smoke detectors.
Data sources
- NNDC Wallet Cards 2023 - Data as of 15 October 2024 - licence: Public domain